Can you have a 401(k) and an IRA?

Save as much as you can, for as long as you can: That’s what nearly every financial professional encourages for retirement. So why don’t more people contribute to a 401(k) and an individual retirement account (IRA) at the same time? “Awareness,” says Jeremy Smalley, senior retirement education specialist at Principal^®. “Those two types of accounts can work together, and both have advantages.”

If you didn’t know before, now you do: Generally, you can contribute to a 401(k) if you have an IRA—and contribute to an IRA if you have a 401(k). Here’s why it’s a savings strategy to consider.

Create a retirement savings ‘home base.’

Most people from every generation are likely to have multiple jobs with multiple employers. Take people born from 1957 to 1965: They have held an average of 12 jobs—and that’s just one subgroup of baby boomers.¹ That may mean multiple retirement savings accounts over time that need to be managed and tracked.

Here’s why that matters: While a 401(k) is set up and typically funded in part by an employer, a traditional IRA or Roth IRA is set up and funded entirely by you. When you leave a job that has a 401(k), you must choose what to do with those savings. If you are leaving one job for another one with a 401(k), you can roll the funds over into that new savings. Or, you can roll those funds into your own IRA—an option that works if you’re leaving the workforce or going to another employer without its own retirement savings, too.

That’s one reason why some people prefer setting up and contributing to an IRA. “It gives you a long-term account that, as you transition through employers over time, you can use to consolidate your money,” says Stanley Poorman, a financial professional at Principal.

Save the max (or just max out what you’re saving).

Let’s say you’re a super saver: You’re already getting your full employer 401(k) match and contributing the maximum allowed by that plan (for 2022 it’s $20,500). But you want to make even more progress. That’s one reason you might want to contribute to an IRA. “Your true time horizon for saving for retirement is the rest of your working life,” Smalley says. “Even if you can’t do it every year, saving the max in both when you can helps.”

If you’re not able to max out that 401(k) contribution, contribute at least enough to get the full match from your employer, Smalley says: “Don’t leave that opportunity on the table.”

Tap into a wide range of investment options.

Every 401(k) or IRA is generally managed by an investment professional. They choose a subgroup of investments based on the fund’s objectives.  Having both a 401(k) and an IRA may enable you to widen the investment offerings you are able to save in, Poorman says, giving you both control and flexibility.  “It’s really opening up your choices,” he says.

Trim fees and taxes.

Fees are relative, Poorman says; when it comes to investing in an IRA or 401(k), look at what you get for the fees you pay.

However, your tax professional can give you more insight into whether contributing to both a 401(k) and IRA may help your taxes. The short answer: It depends on how much you’re contributing to each account and your income levels, too.

There are contribution limitations for contributing to a Roth IRA and you can’t deduct those contributions on your taxes. (That’s because you’re contributing to those type of accounts with money you’ve already been taxed on.) The savings come when you make qualified tax-free withdrawals from a Roth IRA or Roth contributions in a 401(k).

If you have both a 401(k) and an IRA, there are also total contribution limitations. Whether or not an IRA contribution is deductible in your current tax year depends on how much you make and how much you contribute. In addition, since both a 401(k) deferral and traditional IRAs are generally created with pre-tax contributions (other contribution types may be available), you will pay income tax on withdrawals during retirement.