10 min read January 03, 2023
4 ways a 401(k) and an IRA are the same, and 6 ways they're different

There are lots of ways to save for retirement, but many people turn to the two main types of retirement plans: 401(k)s and IRAs. Here’s how they’re alike—and different.

A woman looking discovering the similarities and differences of an IRA and 401(k) on her phone.

Learning (and understanding) all the terms related to retirement can feel overwhelming. A good place to start? The basics.

When it comes to retirement accounts, that means tackling the differences (and similarities) between the most common types of retirement plans: employer-sponsored plans—401(k)s and 403(b)s—and individual retirement accounts (IRAs).

4 ways 401(k)s, 403(b)s, and IRAs are the same

Purpose Investment accounts that can help save for retirement
Contributions Ongoing or one-time
Tax benefits Both lower taxable income (401(k)s and 403(b)s through payroll deductions, IRAs through possible tax deductions)
Tax obligations Applicable state and federal income taxes due at minimum withdrawal age

6 ways 401(k)s/403(b)s and IRAs are different

Differences 401(k)s and 403(b)s IRAs
Access Sponsored by employer Set up by and belongs to you, regardless of where you’re employed
Available investment options Employer typically chooses; may be limited May have more investment options
Match Employer may match up to a certain percentage of your contribution No employer match
Rollovers Rollover may be required when leaving a job (see below) Can roll over funds from previous employer plans or other IRAs into an IRA (called consolidation)
Tax deductions Not tax deductible May be deductible, depending on your spouse’s retirement plan access and your income
When you leave a job Can roll over 401(k) savings into an IRA or 401(k) at a new employer (if available) No effect; an IRA belongs to you and moves with you, regardless of employment

2 reasons to invest in a 401(k) or 403(b)

  1. You may have access to one where you work.
  2. Your employer may offer to match a percentage of your contribution.

3 reasons to invest in an IRA

  1. You don’t have access to a 401(k) or want to save in addition to what you’re saving through your employer.
  2. You’re self-employed and want to save regularly for retirement.
  3. You want to consolidate multiple retirement savings accounts.

One last note: A traditional IRA is not the same as a Roth IRA. And yes, you can have a 401(k), an IRA, and a Roth IRA.

 

What's next?

The subject matter in this communication is educational only and provided with the understanding that Principal® is not rendering legal, accounting, investment or tax advice. You should consult with appropriate counsel, financial professionals, and other advisors on all matters pertaining to legal, tax, investment or accounting obligations and requirements.

You should consider the differences in investment options and risks, fees and expenses, tax implications, services and penalty-free withdrawals for your various options. There may be other factors to consider due to your specific needs and situation. You may wish to consult your tax professional or legal counsel.